This guide is available to download as a free PDF. Feel free to copy and share this with your friends and family. MacOS is well-known for its ease of use, and we’re confident you will adjust to your new platform in no time. That said, there are a few tricks that will help you get started and avoid confusion later on. So here’s our complete beginner’s guide to macOS that’ll teach you everything you need to know about the Apple ecosystem for iMacs and MacBooks, split into the following chapters:. 1. What Is macOS?
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MacOS is the name of the operating system that powers all Mac computers, like Windows on PCs. Unlike Windows, macOS is only supplied with Apple computers. Many users cite the operating system as one of the reasons they buy Apple hardware. The operating system receives regular security updates and one major upgrade each year. MacOS was previously known as Mac OS X, and the first version (10.0) debuted in 2001. The current version is macOS 10.13 High Sierra, released in October 2017. Unlike Windows, macOS is based on the Unix operating system, with routes tracing back to the 1970s.
As a result it shares many similarities with Linux and other Unix offshoots, like the Bash command line interface and Unix permissions layer. MacOS is a fairly straightforward operating system. It Your Mac comes with a lot of apps for all sorts of tasks, but you may still be confused by what they do or whether you actually need some of them to simplify everyday tasks like email and web browsing. It integrates well with Apple’s family of mobile devices like the iPhone and iPad. Setting Up Your New Mac Setting up your Mac will take around 20 minutes, during which you’ll be guided through the setup process.
The first thing to do is take your Mac out of the box, connect the power cable and any relevant peripherals (keyboards and pointing devices), then hit the Power button. You’ll see Apple’s trademark logo appear on screen, then you can start setting up your computer. This requires connecting to Wi-Fi almost immediately, so make sure you have those credentials ready. You’ll then see prompts to provide information like your time zone, keyboard layout, and whether you want to share anonymous usage data with Apple. Your Mac requires an Apple ID for iCloud, the App Store, iTunes and other purposes. If you have an Apple ID that you’re already using for your iPhone or iPad, use the same account.
Those who don’t yet have an Apple ID can create one now. Once you’ve made it through the initial setup, your Mac will restart. You’ll see a clean desktop with a row of icons (the dock) at the bottom of the screen.
You’re now ready to begin! The Basics of Using macOS Let’s start with the most important parts of using your Mac. Desktop and Menu Bar When your Mac first boots up, you’ll see the core user interface components. At the top of the screen is the menu bar, at the bottom is the dock, and behind all your windows is the desktop.
Like most other desktop operating systems, macOS uses a desktop as a temporary workspace on which to store files. Hard drives, external drives, and mounted disk images will all appear here when connected to your machine. You can right-click to create folders and drag to arrange your desktop as you see fit. At the top of the screen, the menu bar changes based on the app currently in focus.
The Apple menu is where you can Shut Down your machine, and under the About This Mac option. The menu bar displays application options like File, Edit, Help and so on. On the right-hand side of the menu bar are status indicators for system and third-party apps.
These include Wi-Fi and battery meters, as well as apps like Shazam or Evernote if you’re using them. You can re-arrange these items by holding Command while clicking and dragging.
There’s a whole These tiny smart utilities don't get in our way like the dock apps do - Mac menu bar apps sit in a corner and swing into action only when you need them! Built to reside in this easy-to-reach tray at the top of the screen. The Dock The dock is the closest equivalent macOS has to a Windows Start menu. It’s divided into two parts: shortcuts to apps, and pinned folders or minimized windows. You can arrange the dock to appear along the bottom, left, or right edges of the screen under System Preferences Dock.
Launch pinned apps by clicking on them. Apps that aren’t pinned will also show up on the dock when in use. Right-click on any icon to decide whether or not to keep it in the dock, and drag apps to rearrange them. You can also drag icons out of the dock and release to remove them. Dragging a file over an app icon and releasing will open the file in that app, assuming the app is compatible with the file. Dragging an application file into the dock will add it to the dock as a shortcut. In the other (right-hand) section you’ll find a few pinned folders and the Trash.
Drag any folder into the dock to pin it. Right-click to tweak its display, so it shows as a stack or regular folder. You can drag files into these folders to move them, just like you can drag files into the Trash to delete them. Finally, if you want to remove a mounted drive or disk image, simply drag it over the Trash.
You can quickly empty the Trash by right-clicking and choosing Empty Trash. Finder Finder is the default macOS file management app. Just like Windows Explorer, Finder lets you browse your hard drives and other connected devices. There are several components to the Finder window, which you can toggle under the View menu bar item:. Tab bar: Automatically shows and hides when you open a new tab within Finder ( Cmd + T). Path bar: Displays the path to the current folder at the bottom of the screen.
Status bar: Lists the number of items in a location and available disk space. Sidebar: A list of favorite or frequently-used locations on the left-hand side.
Preview: An expanded preview pane on the right-hand side of the window. The sidebar is especially useful, since you can customize it to display your favorite locations. Right-click and choose Remove from Sidebar to delete an entry. Click and drag a folder into the sidebar to add it permanently. Scroll down to the Devices section to see currently mounted volumes and disks. Beneath that you’ll find shared network locations and tags. To remove or add sections, click Finder Preferences in the menu bar at the top of the screen.
Finder uses a main toolbar to display common controls like back and forward. There’s also a healthy list of view options. You can view files and folders as icons, lists, columns, or in Apple’s “Cover Flow” preview mode.
By default you’ll see Share and Tags buttons too. Right-click on the toolbar to customize Finder.
You can add or remove buttons and shortcuts, and rearrange fields like the search bar. By default the search bar is visible, and you can use it to search your entire Mac or simply the folder you’re currently viewing. Finder supports copy ( Cmd + C) and paste ( Cmd + V) but not cut. On macOS, Move replaces cut. To “cut” a file you must first copy it, then move it ( Cmd + Option + V). If you right-click and press the Option key, you’ll see “Paste” change to “Move.” 3.4.
Spotlight Spotlight is the name of your Mac’s search engine, and it appears in a floating window any time you press Cmd + Space. Simply type your query and macOS will respond with context-sensitive results. Hit Enter to action the top result, or scroll through what Spotlight has found till you find what you’re looking for. This handy search tool works not just for finding files, but also as an application launcher. Simply by typing you can:. Find files, folders, documents, notes, email, messages, and more. Launch applications and utilities.
Perform basic calculations. Convert currencies, measurements, and other units. Get suggested websites, definitions, Wikipedia entries, and more. Use Did you know your Mac can understand what you're saying, even if you use natural language? You should Today we're going to share our favourite good Mac habits, while desperately trying to forget the bad ones. To launch applications and find relevant results without ever taking your hands off the keyboard. It’s a powerful tool, especially when you know Spotlight has been a killer Mac feature for years, with Cupertino regularly schooling Redmond in the art of desktop search.
Here are a few tips to help you find more on your Mac. Applications Most applications you download from the web will show up as a disk image (DMG) files at first. Double-click a DMG to mount it, after which it will show up to macOS like a read-only drive. Drag the application (APP) file to your Applications folder to install it. Deleting the APP file from this folder will remove the app from your system. Some applications use a packaged installer (PKG), which is similar to how apps install on Windows.
Run the PKG file and follow the on-screen prompts. Many PKG installers use packaged uninstallers to remove the app.
These are the basics, but there’s more to Switched to a Mac and getting to grips with the basics? Wondering how to install software from the command line? Got old Windows apps that you simply must run on your Apple computer? The other major way of installing Mac software is using the Mac App Store. This is an application which manages the install process for you. Launch the Mac App Store, and login with your Apple ID.
Find an app to install, then click on Get or the item’s price, depending on whether the app is free or not. You can remove these apps as you would any regular app. When installing some third-party applications, Gatekeeper will tell you that the installation cannot proceed because the source is not trusted. This is because the developer hasn’t applied to Apple for a developer license, something macOS requires when trusting new software.
To bypass this protection, dismiss the initial dialog then head to System Preferences Security & Privacy and click Open Anyway near the bottom of the screen. There are other methods for installing software, like the which pre-packages many open source projects into a repository. System Preferences You can configure pretty much everything under System Preferences, which is pinned to the dock by default. You can access it using the little silver cog icon, or right-click the icon to go straight to a specific section. Note: Depending on your model of Mac and its features, you might see more or fewer options under your own System Preferences panel. Don’t worry if yours doesn’t look exactly like the screenshot above! This should be your first stop if you’re looking to change something on your computer.
Everything from adding a new user account, to changing trackpad sensitivity, to display resolution and security settings, lives here. You can use the search bar at the top to quickly find a specific preference pane, or click View to toggle alphabetic sorting. You should take some time to familiarize yourself with the most common sections. A few tweaks you might want to make soon after you start using your new Mac are:. Change your wallpaper under Desktop & Screen Saver.
Change the size, alignment, and behavior of the Dock. Learn and adjust gesture controls under Trackpad. Add new email and social media accounts in internet Accounts. Specify a backup location with Time Machine Remember: You can always search for any of these preference panes using Spotlight with the Cmd + Space keyboard shortcut. Notifications and Today Screen Click on the three-line icon in the top-right corner of your screen to display Notification Center and Today screen. You can also swipe with two fingers from the right edge of the trackpad, or to make triggering this feature even easier.
The Today screen is essentially an area for widgets, which are small snippets of information and interactive elements that tie in to your other apps. Scroll to the bottom of the list and click Edit to view your available widgets.
Drag them to reorder them, and click on the green Plus or red Minus symbols to add and remove widgets. When an app wants to send you notifications, you will receive a request that you can approve or deny. Incoming notifications will appear in the top-right corner of the screen, just below the menu bar. You can customize or revoke notification permissions under System Preferences Notifications. It’s common for websites to request access to Notification Center, but they will show up as separate apps rather than using Safari. Gestures and Navigation If you’re using a trackpad, either on a MacBook or with Apple’s Magic Trackpad accessory, you’ll have access to a range of gestures in macOS. Gestures trigger certain features and speed up navigation.
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You can customize these gestures and view some handy example videos under System Preferences Trackpad. This is also where you can change scroll behavior (two-finger drag), enable tap to click (so you don’t need to fully depress the trackpad), and change the gesture for swiping between desktops (horizontal three-finger drag). Some modern MacBooks have Force Touch trackpads, which is the same basic technology behind 3D Touch on an iPhone. By pressing slightly harder than you would to trigger a regular click, you can trigger a Force Touch—essentially a Apple's Force Touch technology enables for pressure-sensitive clicks, which can vastly speed up how you access some of the system's most useful shortcuts. You can vastly speed up your interactions with macOS by learning a few A printable cheat sheet containing the most useful Mac keyboard shortcuts you'll ever need.
Some useful ones to start you off are:. Copy: Cmd + C. Paste: Cmd + V.
Move (after copying): Cmd + Option + V. App Switcher: Cmd + Tab.
Screenshot: Cmd + Shift + 3 (captures the whole screen; you can also Need to take a screenshot on your mac? Here are the best shortcuts, tips, and apps for macOS screenshots.). Spotlight: Cmd + Space.
Siri: Cmd + Space (hold). New Tab (Safari, Finder, and more): Cmd + T 3.9. AirPlay and AirDrop AirPlay is Apple’s proprietary wireless streaming technology.
You can send video or audio (or both) to an AirPlay receiver like an Apple TV by clicking on the AirPlay icon (below) in the menu bar at the top of the screen. You can also send media to receivers using the AirPlay icon when you see it in other apps, like iTunes and Spotify. Click on the AirPlay icon to enable mirroring, which sends your Mac’s screen to an AirPlay receiver of your choice. This is ideal for presentations and sharing photos, but performance will depend on your network speed and interference. You can choose to output your Mac’s sound to AirPlay devices by choosing them as an Output device under System Preferences Sound.
AirDrop is Apple’s proprietary wireless file sharing technology. Use it to send files between Mac computers and iOS devices like the iPhone and iPad. Launch Finder and click on AirDrop in the sidebar to scan for a list of available recipients. If you’re trying to receive a file on your Mac, make sure you have this screen open.
You can share virtually anything using AirDrop from your Mac. The quickest way is to right-click on a file or link, then click Share AirDrop.
You can also use the Share button built into many Mac apps, like Safari and Notes. AirDrop is handy when it works, but it’s notoriously hit and miss.
Having troubles with AirDrop? We can step you through all of your available options. If you’re having issues. Siri Siri on Mac is just like Siri on iPhone. By holding the Cmd + Space shortcut you can ask Siri to find files, fetch information from the web, send email and messages, and even call people—right on your Mac desktop. As an example, you can ask Siri queries using natural language like:. “Show me PDFs I opened last week”.
“Remind me to buy milk tomorrow”. “Who are the Giants playing this week?”. “What’s the weather like on Sunday?” With some queries, you can drag and pin them to your Today screen, and they’ll update automatically based on new data. Examples include stock data, sports fixtures and tables, local weather forecasts, and calculations made with Wolfram Alpha. Understanding iCloud and macOS You’ll find iCloud all over macOS, so it’s vital that you understand it. What Is iCloud?
ICloud is a catch-all name for Apple’s online cloud services. You’ll see it appear before other services, like iCloud Drive or iCloud Music Library. In short, it basically means that particular service’s data is stored online, in the cloud. Not all iCloud services require iCloud storage. ICloud Music Library, for example, is a cloud-based library for Apple Music subscribers. It maintains the same library contents across devices, and requires no storage space online or otherwise unless you decide to save content offline. Storage Space Apple provides 5GB of free space per Apple ID, whether you buy an iPhone, Apple TV, or brand-new MacBook.
That doesn’t go very far, especially if you’re using it to back up personal devices like an iPhone or iPad. You can check your current storage allocation under System Preferences iCloud.
Eventually, you’ll need to consider a storage upgrade. When you upgrade your storage, you’ll keep the 5GB you got when you joined with the option of adding:. 50GB for $1/month.
200GB for $3/month. 2TB for $10/month You can share the 200GB and 2TB tiers with your family, provided you You and your family members probably have separate iTunes accounts for your app and music purchases, but there's no reason you should be paying for the same apps multiple times. To upgrade your storage space, head to System Preferences iCloud Account Details and choose an upgrade. ICloud on Mac You’ll find a smorgasbord of iCloud features available to you in macOS, many of which you can turn on or off under System Preferences iCloud. ICloud Drive is a basic cloud storage platform. You can, with no limits on the type of file or how often it’s accessed.
Just make sure file sizes are under 50GB. ICloud Photo Library within the Photos app. This uploads the contents of your Photos library to Apple’s servers, while giving you the option of keeping only optimized, lower-quality copies. You can retrieve the contents of your library on any iCloud-connected device. Many other apps push and pull data to and from Apple’s servers, including Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, Notes, Safari, and Mail. These services don’t use any iCloud storage space, but rather use the service as a go-between to keep all your Mac and iOS devices in sync with each other.
Finally there are services that use iCloud as a conduit, including Find My Mac and Back to My Mac. The former allows you to track your laptop from the web and other Apple devices; the latter is a remote control (VNC) solution. ICloud.com iCloud has a web frontend at which allows you to access certain services from any device.
These include basics like Mail, Contacts, Calendar, and Notes. It also holds the Find My iPhone service (which works for finding your Mac), Photos for viewing iCloud Photo Library, and a web-friendly version of iCloud Drive. You’ll also find iWork for iCloud apps here, including Pages, Numbers, and Keynote.
These are web-based versions of Apple’s iWork suite, and you can work on any documents you have chosen to keep in the cloud (or create new ones). This web frontend is most useful as a webmail service for iCloud mail, for tracking your devices and friends, or for working on documents remotely. Backups and Maintenance on macOS Generally speaking, you don’t have to actively maintain macOS. By simply running updates and keeping your machine safely backed up, you’ll be prepared for most eventualities. MacOS Updates macOS delivers updates via the Mac App Store.
For important system downloads including security fixes, firmware updates, and new versions of first-party Apple software, launch the App Store app and click on the Updates tab. Any third-party apps you install from the Mac App Store will also receive updates in this manner. Apps you install from the web or through other means will require updating manually. Most applications will automatically notify you of updates and offer to download and install them for you. Backing Up With Time Machine Time Machine is Apple’s automatic backup solution. It works using an external drive, though you can.
To get started, plug in a (blank) external hard drive with at least as much space as your Mac’s system drive. More space is better, since you’ll have a greater archive of backups to peruse. With your drive connected, head to System Preferences Time Machine and click Select Backup Disk. Specify the drive you want to use to back up your Mac.
This will erase all its contents, so you might want to If your Mac's hard drive is small and your Time Machine hard drive is big, it might be worth using the drive for both backup and storage purposes. With a disk specified, Time Machine will start backing up your Mac.
Every time you connect this hard drive, Time Machine will kick in and create a backup. It won’t back up everything every time, but rather copies the changes and creates a browsable snapshot of your computer at a specific moment in time.
When your drive becomes full, the oldest backups are deleted first. You can at any time by connecting your Time Machine hard drive, then clicking the Time Machine icon in the menu bar and selecting Enter Time Machine.
The purpose of this backup is to restore your Mac to its current glory if something goes wrong. That includes hardware or operating system failure, or even moving to an entirely new Mac. For proper backup redundancy, consider There are lots of Mac backup options out there, and many of them have features that Apple's default backup app just can't compete with. MacOS Maintenance You don’t need to babysit your Mac, but there are a few basic forms of maintenance you should remember to do on a regular basis to keep your machine running smoothly. The most obvious one is maintaining a decent buffer of free space. Your Mac will experience performance issues when it runs low on space.
The operating system and many third-party apps rely on usable free space for regular operating. If possible, try to maintain a bare minimum of 10GB of space on your Mac at all times. By using the Storage Management app under Applications Utilities you can see exactly which files are taking up the most space by clicking on the various categories. The Store in iCloud feature lets you as needed. You can also choose to enable the Empty Trash Automatically feature, which permanently erases items in your Trash after 30 days.
Finally, click on the Review Files button to see a breakdown of the largest and least-used files on your Mac. From here you can delete what you don’t need. There are many Wondering where all of your Mac's storage has gone? These free apps will let you know. You can also Want to clear the caches on your Mac? Here are several places to find and clear temporary files to regain storage space on macOS.
If you’re really stuck, consider Running out of space on your MacBook? Here are all your options for adding more storage space to your MacBook. To ease the strain.
Annual macOS Upgrades Apple’s yearly update cycle means a new version of macOS is available free of charge each fall. This usually happens in October, about a month after the yearly iOS update lands.
Provided your Mac is compatible, you can download the update from the Mac App Store when it’s ready. These major updates represent a brand-new version of macOS, with a new name and set of wallpapers to differentiate it from the last. Apple debuts new features and technologies in yearly revisions, as well as major new versions of core apps like Safari, Photos, and Notes. If you want the latest features, you’ll need to install these upgrades when they arrive. One word of caution though: if you rely on a particular app, make sure that app is compatible with the newest version before upgrading. If you don’t do this, you might not be able to use your old video editor, audio workstation, or other such software. Before you install a major operating system upgrade, always create a backup using Time Machine.
You should also ensure you have adequate free space to install the upgrade. Apple hardware How do you spot a frozen installation? What if your Mac runs out of space mid-install? And how do you fix the problem when you can't access your computer normally any more? From time to time, and it never hurts to be prepared.
Troubleshooting macOS Issues Your Mac is not immune to problems, and issues will rear their head occasionally. You should know what you can do to prevent issues and get everything rolling again when needed. This is one of the reasons that creating frequent backups (as discussed above) is so important. Boot Modes By holding a specific combination of keys while starting your Mac, you can enter specific boot modes. These help troubleshoot your Mac, install other operating systems, or run hardware diagnostics.
Shut down your Mac, press the power button, then immediately press and hold the required combination. Some useful boot modes to remember are:. D to enter Hardware Diagnostic mode (pictured above) to If your Mac isn't working right, you can try Apple's built-in diagnostic tests to find out what's wrong with your battery, processor, and more.
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Here's how to use Apple Hardware Test and Apple Diagnostics. Option ( Alt) to list all bootable volumes and bypass automatically launching macOS. Shift to start in Safe mode, ideal if you’re If your Mac won't turn on, don't despair. Our guide to troubleshooting MacBook and iMac boot problems will get you running again.
Cmd + R to enter into Recovery mode, ideal for fixing drive issues or Need to restore your Mac to factory settings? Here's how to install a fresh copy of macOS and erase everything. PRAM and SMC Some problems can only be solved by resetting your Mac’s parameter random access memory (PRAM) and system management controller (SMC). These play an important role in keeping your Mac running smoothly, whether it’s remembering the time and date or controlling physical elements like fans and LEDs.
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You might want to reset PRAM if y.